The immune system defends the body from infections caused by microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It is made up of barriers that prevent pathogens from entering tissues, cells that detect and eliminate these pathogens, and proteins that transmit signals between cells. The immune system responds swiftly to pathogens and prepares the body for future exposure to the same threats.
Key barriers include the skin, tissues, and commensal microbiota. They use various mechanisms, such as antimicrobial peptides and digestive enzymes, to stop infections and remove harmful microorganisms. Although there are trillions of microorganisms in the body, most are harmless and can even be beneficial.
Cells like neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells neutralize extracellular pathogens by engulfing them. Natural killer cells target and destroy intracellular viruses through programmed cell death. The immune response is triggered when a pathogen binds to a specific receptor on immune cells.
Proteins play a vital role in the immune system by transmitting signals between cells, guiding responses like survival, death, or differentiation. These signals are essential for maintaining homeostasis—physiological balance within the body.
A robust immune system not only defends against various diseases. It also supports body weight regulation, promotes cardiovascular health, and even offers protection against cancer.
To boost your immune system, make sure to get adequate sleep (7–9 hours for seniors). In addition, follow a healthy, balanced diet, engage in regular exercise, manage stress, and stay hydrated.
The Boom Health app allows users to book registered nurses, personal support workers, and personal care services, schedule transportation, order prepared meals, rent or purchase medical equipment, and get emergency assistance. Download the app from the App Store or Google Play Store.
This article is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice or diagnosis. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
