Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that affects over 10% of individuals aged 65 and older. It disrupts various brain functions, leading to difficulties with memory, problem-solving, thinking, judgment, and language.
The condition is thought to be caused by the abnormal buildup of amyloid-beta protein around brain cells. Genetic mutations can trigger the improper cleavage of amyloid precursor protein, leading to an accumulation of amyloid-beta. People with Alzheimer’s disease often experience significant brain shrinkage due to the extensive loss of neurons.
Alzheimer’s disease is often viewed as a continuum, with most individuals progressing through its stages as they age.
The first stage is preclinical Alzheimer’s, where no symptoms are present. This phase can last for years or even decades.
The second stage is mild cognitive impairment caused by Alzheimer’s. In this stage, individuals begin to exhibit subtle symptoms, but these do not yet affect daily functioning.
The third stage is mild dementia, in which individuals experience more noticeable symptoms that start to interfere with some daily activities. Symptoms may include memory loss, personality changes, difficulty expressing thoughts, and frequently misplacing items.
The fourth stage is moderate dementia, where symptoms significantly impact daily activities. Individuals in this stage need more assistance with self-care and become increasingly forgetful.
The fifth and final stage is severe dementia, in which symptoms interfere with nearly all daily activities and continue to affect both mental and physical functions.
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This article is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice or diagnosis. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
